Ethical Decision Making in Supply Chain Management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3098 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Ethical Decision Making in Supply Chain Management Over the course of this year, I have learned much about supply chain management. I have learned tactics to use during negotiations, competitive bidding processes, and other business situations. My internship this summer allowed me to have a one on one experience with supply chain management. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ethical Decision Making in Supply Chain Management" essay for you Create order This internship shed a brief light of what supply chain was and the situations that come with it. Ethics plays a role in your life every day. They shape the person you truly are, and even an honest person can make an unethical decision. In life we are all faced with decisions and I can guarantee that everyone in their lifetime will make an unethical decision. Before we move on we need to know what ethics means. Ethics is a hard word to explain. There is a variety of different definitions of ethics, and the view of ethics is different to every person. Some believe that ethics is described as what the law requires you to do. Others believe that ethics is what your religion preaches for you to do. Some people do not know what the word ethics means. An article from Santa Clara University summed up ethics correctly. Within this article it stated, â€Å"Ethics is two things. First, ethics refers to well-founded standards of right and wrong that prescribe what humans ought to do, usually i n terms of rights, obligations, benefits to society, fairness, or specific virtues† (Velasquez, 2010). I completely agree with the following statement; ethics is a standard of right and wrong that usually benefits society and is fair. It further states, â€Å" ethics refers to the study and development of ones ethical standards† (Velasquez, 2010). The feelings and laws which we are supposed to follow as humans describe what is ethical. To remain ethical, we must continuously study and examine our ethical practices. Much like businesses, ethics seem to change regularly and adapt to our culture and needs. By studying our ethical practices we can continue to live up to the standards that we set for ourselves and our institutions. There is a vast amount of definitions of ethics, and there are also many different kinds of ethical approaches. The three types of ethical approaches that I believe pertain to supply chain management are virtue ethics, duty ethics, and conseque ntial ethics. According to a BBC article, virtue ethics is about a person rather than action-based: it looks at the moral character of the individual carrying out an action, rather than at ethical duty, or the consequences of those actions (â€Å"Virtue Ethics†, 2013). Virtue ethics deals with the perceptions of a person. It is human nature to assess a person on their character. Aristotle declared that a virtuous person is someone who has ideal character traits (Athanassoulis, 2014). These characteristics are usually natural and learned from your past experiences; they are generally stable and fixed throughout your life. Everyone is born with tendencies, some of these tendencies will dissipate, and others will grow. There are a number of factors that affect your virtues, such as your parents, teachers, and situations. An example of how companies can apply virtue ethics to their practice is by hiring a manager who strives to achieve moral excellence. In John Dobson article the y state, â€Å"Companies should hire a manager who virtues are honesty, fairness, prudence, and courage† (Dobson, 2007). A manager hired for a company should include all of the virtues above and should place personal virtues over any material considerations. This will allow employees to see ethical morals and practices being used in upper management. When it comes to duty based ethics, it is all about doing the right thing. In other words, duty based ethics is doing the right thing because it is the right thing to do, even if you do not agree with it. In the article â€Å"Workplace Example of Duty Based Ethics† they define a person who uses duty based ethics as, â€Å"a person who believes that the highest virtue comes from doing what you are supposed to do either because you have to, e.g., following the law, or because you agreed to, e.g., following an employers policies (Gillikin, 2012). Much like virtue ethics, duty based ethics does not take into account if th e action leads to a good or bad consequence. Obviously duty based ethics has its flaws. Humans have and will continue to break rules that are set for them. Many companies will require policies that their employees are to follow. Duty based ethics is seen throughout the supply chain. People have an obligation to do the right thing, even if that task produces a negative result. A good example of duty based ethics in the supply chain is a company’s code of conduct. Each employee must follow this code of conduct. Each employee follows this ethical code because they believe that the highest virtue comes from doing what you are supposed to do. This employee either follows this code of conduct because they have to, agreed to follow it, or it follows the law. There are obvious flaws in duty based ethics. Based on duty based ethics if you are an employee and your manager asks you to do something unethical in the supply chain, you must follow this request. Obviously duty based ethics i s needed in the supply chain, but there needs to be a common median between right and wrong. If an action will produce terrible outcomes for the common good, it must be weighed with your decision making. The last ethical approach I see in supply chain management is consequentialism or result based ethics. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy defines consequentialism ethics as, the action is morally right if the consequences of that action are more favorable than unfavorable (Fieser, 2013). Results based ethics is seen throughout the supply chain. When companies make a decision they usually have different options, and they choose the option that is more favorable, often cutting down on cost and increasing profit. There are obvious flaws with results based ethics as well. For example, a company begins to employ children, an unethical decision, but by doing this they can drastically cut their cost and pay their U.S employees more money. Even though this sounds like an extreme cas e, this does happen in the supply chain. Although result based ethics seems like it can really work in a business’s favor, it usually doesn’t. It is true that you can see parts of virtue ethics, duty based ethics, and consequential based ethics in the supply chain. However, many of these approaches do not take into account human rights. No person is perfectly locked into one of these approaches, but some of these approaches can be seen in supply chain management. The results of following virtue ethics, duty based ethics, and consequential based ethics to a degree can lead to unethical decision making. Employees and companies must find a common median between virtue ethics, duty based ethics, and consequential based ethics and the role they play in the environment around them. Much like ethics, supply chain management is a very broad topic. A supply chain is a series of links that enable the movement of products from the producer to the customer (Sairamnath, 2014). I n other words, it is how a product moves from point A to point B. However, supply chain management encompasses the management of both relationships among intermediaries and logistics activities but also includes numerous businesses and various marketing functional areas, including product decisions, promotion, pricing, procurement, and strategic alignment among organizational members (Ferrell, 2013). As you can tell, supply chain and supply chain management are very broad topics that seem to cover every aspect of a business. Not only does supply chain management control the relationships among logistical activities it also includes coordination and collaboration with channel partners. An example of collaboration and channel partners would be suppliers, third-party service providers, and customers. Many companies use supply chain management activities to improve profitability, cut cost, and to create a competitive advantage compared to their competition. It is obvious that corporatio ns place a tremendous amount of trust in its employees, customers, and suppliers. However, we live in an extremely competitive market that seems to demand results. This will always put pressure on employees to succeed, whatever the cost. This is where many of us run into problems with ethical decision making. We may know that this is not right, but it would look good to our superiors. Building a sustainable supply chain is a must, but making an ethical and lasting supply chain is harder than it seems. For many companies profits often out way social responsibility and ethics. An article by Forbes.com summed up the marketplace perfectly. It stated, â€Å"Corporations strive to mitigate costs and reduce uncertainty. Nowhere is that drive for certainty and cost containment more compelling than in corporate supply chain (Guthrie, 2014). Globalization within the supply chain industry has created an opportunity for new suppliers overseas, but these global suppliers also can cause uneth ical practices. An example of a company that has been linked to unethical supply chain practices is Apple. While producing the iPhone 5, an Apple supplier recruited people for their factory assembly line. According to the article, the supplier hired brokers, who charged families high fees, often a year’s worth of wages with interest. It also stated that factory workers were reportedly obliged to surrender their passports as payment until they could repay their debt (Opam, 2013). Obviously Apple is against the abuse of migrant workers or any workers in general, but this example shows that even companies that claim to be against unethical practices still have trouble with eliminating them. The quest for a competitive advantage can have an impact on how and whom the products were made by. Human rights abuse has also been a hot topic in the use of global supply chains. It is no secret that companies employ illegal workers, often some are sold into slavery. The Thai seafood indust ry is known for having thousands of â€Å"slaves†. The Thai government and many of the suppliers understand this â€Å"slave† market and still continue to use the Thai seafood suppliers. In 2013, a report found that the country of Thailand has failed to make sufficient progress in tackling human trafficking (Trent, 2014). Although many of the companies audit these locations, they seem to miss this. These companies have the power to demand accountability from their suppliers. They should be monitoring who their suppliers hire, how the products are produced, and if they are using ethical practices. Ethical issues such as child labor have played an enormous role in supply chain management. The increasing global marketplace has made companies temporarily unaware of supplier practices. It has been widely known that shifting some of our production overseas would cut down on your firms cost and produce a higher profit. However, the result of this greater profit could poten tially be the use of child labor or another unethical practice. Recently chocolate companies such as Nestlà © and Cargill have come under fire from having suppliers who employ children. According to the article written by Rich Steeves, â€Å"the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals has stated that these companies tolerated child labor on cocoa farms in order to cut costs. Driven by the goal to reduce expenses in any way possible, the defendants allegedly supported the use of child slavery, the cheapest form of labor available† (Steeves, 2014). Although these companies do not own the cocoa farms, the supplier is still part of their supply chain. The global market has allowed companies to produce a tremendous amount of profit. However, is this profit worth the consequences that comes with it? This example brings me back to results based ethics. Obviously companies enjoy seeing their costs cut and a substantial amount of profit, but does this action help the greater good? With this rec ent scandal, Nestlà © has decided to take measures into their own hands. Nestlà © and its partners are now becoming increasingly involved in the communities in Cà ´te d’Ivoire. An action plan has been drawn up by Nestlà © to counteract the use of child labor. Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s executive vice president of operations stated, â€Å"The use of child labor in our cocoa supply chain goes against everything we stand for. As the FLA report makes clear, no company sourcing cocoa from Cà ´te d’Ivoire can guarantee that it doesn’t happen, but what we can say is that tackling child labor is a top priority for our company† (â€Å"Nestlà © Sets Out Actions†, 2014). Nestlà © will now work closely with its suppliers, partners, and other channels throughout its cocoa supply chain. Nestlà © will also collaborate closely with the Ivorian government to eradicate the use of child labor in their cocoa supply chain. This is the first step of many coming from the Nestlà © Corporation, and I believe that with these new programs and teaming up with the local government they can cut down on the unethical practice of employing children. Many companies are increasing their focus on ethical behavior more and more. The example above shows unethical practices that happen outside of the United States. However, there are a vast amount of unethical practices that occur in the states as well. When you are hired as an employee, you’re entrusted with the company’s secrets and relationships. However, personal relationships may seem to cloud your judgment when it comes to decision making for your firm. Conflicts of interests can occur in many areas of the supply chain, and it is important that you try to avoid or mediate the potential conflicts that come with them. An example which I ran into this summer in my internship was receiving gifts from suppliers. While working for a transportation brokerage company this summer we were sent gifts , such as pens, pencils, coupons, and clocks. This can obviously be seen as a conflict of interest. My boss made it specifically clear that if any of us were to receive any gifts that we should alert him immediately to assess the situation. Not only can giving or receiving gifts be seen as a conflict of interest, but family relationships, investments, and the use of company resources can also be viewed as conflicts of interests. Employees should not feel pressured to report any of these possible conflicts of interests, but many of them fear for the safety of their job. Companies have been providing a variety of means to counteract some of these unethical behaviors. One of the easiest ways to prevent unethical behavior in the supply chain is to lead by example. Now this may sound like it is a given, but many managers do not make ethical decisions. This brings be back to the three types of ethical approaches I discussed earlier in my paper. A manager should use all 3 ethical approa ches in his management style, and he must make an ethical decision that help the individual, company, and the environment. However, the power should not be in the hands of only one person in your company. An excellent way to cut down on unethical practices is to create a system of checks and balances within your company. This will allow multiple employees the opportunity to voice their opinions on a matter and to determine if the solution or situation is ethical. This can be very beneficial in the procurement, sourcing, and outsourcing business practices in a supply chain. In an article written by Rob Handfield, it states 3 methods that many companies have incorporated in their reporting procedures. The three methods used are self-reporting, internet/email, and an ethics hotline. The three methods are shown below: Self-reporting – Process relies on employees to report any potential conflicts of interest that they may face. Typically a verbal notification system between an employee and his supervisor (Handfield, 2004). Ethics hotline is a hotline that allow employees to anonymously report when they observe fellow employees or management engaging in unethical behavior† (Handfield, 2004). Internet/Email – many companies have developed an anonymous reporting system via email or internet submission. Employees have the ability to report conflicts of interest or any other ethical behaviors to an email account, which allows the reporter to be anonymous (Handfield, 2004). These potential programs are only a handful that companies could use. It is critical for a company to have programs to counteract unethical practices. A company’s image can be drastically affected by an unethical decision it has made. Although these programs may cost the company more in the short run, it could potentially save them millions in the future. Consumers, investors, business partners, and stakeholders expect a company and its entire supply chain line to be ethical. It is known that the longer a supply chain is, the larger amount of risk that usually comes with it. The product must go through multiple suppliers before getting to the end customer. Implementing only a couple of these programs and establishing a supply chain ethics team could be very beneficial. This team would only focus on the companies supply chain and the decisions that they make. They would closely monitor suppliers and establish an audit team that would show up unannounced. Effective auditing no t only sends a strong message to suppliers, it increases transparency and helps identify problems that need remedying. Whilst the cost of a thorough auditing process may seem prohibitive in the short-term, the long-term benefits of a well-designed process will almost always pay off (Seal, 2013). Combating unethical behaviors is a challenge and takes a considerable amount of time and effort. However, the reward of having a company that is known for being highly ethical in its practices can improve your profits, image, and supplier relationships. After researching the various types of ethical approaches, unethical practices used in the supply chain, and the potential programs to counteract unethical practices I believe that companies should begin to actually adopt the outlook of placing ethics over profits. An example of switching over to this perspective of putting ethics over profits is by using suppliers that are known for having safe and suitable products. This will allow consu mers to see the company as a trusted partner that prides themselves on raising the standards in their industry, while producing quality and safe product. Many companies are seeking to find the most efficient and lowest cost methods to build and deliver their products. However, many of these companies fail to take into account if the decisions are ethical or unethical. Thus, companies should begin to focus more on their overall supply chain and to place more emphasis on ethics over profits.

Dickens Symbolism in Hard Times - 4703 Words

Hard Times Symbolism, Imagery Allegory Sometimes, there’s more to Lit than meets the eye. Fairy Palaces and Elephants (a.k.a. Factories and the Machinery inside them) This one is from the narrator and runs throughout the novel: the idea that the ugly, square, fact-based, oppressive mills look like fairy palaces with elephants in them when they are lit up at night. The image first pops up as something a person riding by Coketown in a fast-moving train might say – in other words, someone who doesn t know any better what the reality of the place actually is. It s an idea dripping with irony, since we already know that there is nothing beautiful or magical about the factories. Then, in a pretty neat trick, Fairy Palaces becomes kind†¦show more content†¦So there are subtle symbols, and then there is this one. Let s see if we can decipher the very cryptic meaning here. Literally falling down a giant pit of doom is a little like†¦? Yes, that s right, figuratively falling down a giant pit of doom. Just as Stephen is actually killed because he can t escape from the big hole in the ground he walked into sight unseen, so too is he emoti onally and psychically trapped in his terrible marriage. Or maybe it s the legal system that he is trapped inside – the legal system which won t let him get a divorce? Or maybe it s not his marriage that is the pit of doom, but the way he is treated by the workers who shun him for not joining the union? Are there other possibilities? You decide. Hard Times Setting Where It All Goes Down Coketown, England in the mid-19th century Mid-19th century Victorian England The novel is set in the same time place that it was written – the mid-1800s in England. Because this was the time of Queen Victoria, this period is usually called the Victorian era. We tend to think of Victorian England as stuffy, prudish, and way too uptight about sex. Though the English might have been incredibly conservative in their personal lives in this time, the nation was going through radical changes in other areas. Probably, the biggest change going on during the Victorian era was the beginning of modern industrial capitalism. Goods began to be made by semi-unskilled workers in huge factories, ratherShow MoreRelatedEssay on Themes, Symbolism, and Atmosphere in Dickens Hard Times1376 Words   |  6 Pages When Charles Dickens was writing his commentary on a fast industrializing world, the thought that Hard Times would still be relevant over 150 years later is assumed to be far from the forefront of his mind. And yet at present, 158 years after its first publication, Charles Dickens’ tale of industrialization and its implications still holds a prominent place in today’s society. 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Measurement of Construction Process †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Measurement of Construction Process. Answer: Introduction: This is the case study about Latino engineering organization which is dealing with the development of mechanical equipment. The former practices followed by the enterprise makes the organization to reach to the sky in their turnover. The project owner is the person who is capable of taking strategic decision in the benefit of the enterprise. The completion of the term for the project manager creates the problem in the growth of the firm. The new manager is not capable of strategic decision as a whole sole responsibility. Vatrapu, 2006)The inefficiency of the business processes result into the generation of customers complaint. The regular customers of the firm are unsatisfied with the product quality which they receive after delivery. The defective materials are supplied on the customer demand. These situation increases the problematic area of the firm. The purpose of this paper is to design an innovative idea for the growth of the company in the form of continuous improvement plan b y analysing the root cause of the failure of the business functionality. There are variety of tools available which are used for managing the matrix which helps in analysing the current business tactics and the future wants of the organization. After the identification of the root cause it is easy to implement the operations and processes which helps in increasing the profit in the near future of the enterprise which results into the long term sustainability. The focus point of the continuous improvement plan is to deliver quality products to the consumers so therefore it is necessary to indulge quality control procedure in the working curriculum of the firm. The analysis of the issues and challenges associated with the decision taken by the project manager. The business activities should be scheduled according to the improvement plan undertaken for enhancing the decision making capability of the project manager in establishing quality control procedures for the efficient working o f the enterprise. The purpose of creating and designing the continuous improvement plan is to resolve the challenges faced in the working structure of the enterprise. The Latino engineering corporation wants its position and reputation back which had been lost in the past working years. As a project consultant, it is recommended that the step by step procedure should be adopted to change the business tactics and strategies according to the newly designed continuous plan to attain prosperity and good will for the enterprise. The business process should be designed on the basis of flaws and gaps which exists in the traditional way of business processes. The four major areas which should be focused and taken under consideration for the development of continuous plan are manpower, machinery, methods, and medium. The new working portfolio works in achieving prosperity and good will of the enterprise in terms of turnover and profit gained by it. The analysis of the satisfaction level of the customers helps in adding values to the developed business activities. The procedure of root cause analysis is used for justifying the cause of failure in providing quality products to the user. The organization value can be optimized by indulging process of continuous improvement in the working profile of the firm. The research should be undertaken to diagnose the tangible and intangible evidence which can affect the quality of productivity of the firm. The business should be transformed by stream aligning the business activity schedule for reducing the risks and overcoming the flaws and the gaps which exist with the traditional way of working tactics. The quality metrics should be prepared for determining the quality controls undertaken for improving the process and procedures undertaken (Soni, 2013). The tangible evidences helps in identifying the actual cause associated with the failure of the productivity in providing good quality mechanical equipment to the consumer of the enterprise. The RCA helps in understanding the learning process for increasing the working efficiency of the firm (Singh, 2015). The required action should be taken to improve the quality of the product because there is a deficiency in the implementation of the good quality control procedures for analysing the quality of raw material supplied for managing the operation associated with the productivity. The operational excellence can be achieved with the development of continuous improvement plan on the basis of the root cause analysis findings. The different tools of the root cause analysis are used for analysing the actual root cause for the failure of the quality production. The cause and effect diagram is used for identifying the impact associated with the related cause (Nataraj, 2011). The findings of the root cause analysis program on the Latino engineering helps in identifying the following: Root cause: The root cause of the productivity failure in providing quality products is the deficiency in the management working structure. The inefficient control procedures are used for improving the quality and working of the associated employees. The flaws and performance of the employees are not corrected by deploying training procedure and other control measures. The misalignment of the logical sequence in the flow of activities is the major cause of the product quality and turn over declination. Causal Factor: The instrumental channel should be deployed for analysing the operational error in the deployment of the project activities (Liu, 2008). The administration does not keep the regular check on the flaws and defects of the working procedures. The factors which are responsible for the failure of the product quality are low quality of the material provided for completing the project, analysis of the procedural problem, errors in the employees working behaviour, flaws in the design of the product undertaken, the standard training schedule is not organized for the working schedule of the employees for enhancing the expertize required for completing the project activities, and pressure of the external environment such as government, and others (Likker, 2012). Tools used for analysing the root cause are listed below: The cause and effect diagram is used identifying the impact associated with the related cause. The impact on methods, material, ad machinery is identified which can affect the policies undertaken for the completing the productivity of the equipment (Mahto, 2008). Interrelationship diagram is used for identifying the quantification of tools which can affect the potential causes associated with the working structure of the enterprise. The in scope activities and out of scope activities should be determined for managing the logical sequence of the operational program (Fursule, 2012). These tools help in analysing the actual situation of the Latino Corporation which can affect the working structure of the enterprise in producing good quality equipment. The barriers and risks should be identified which can restrict the growth of the company in developing good quality equipment (Martins, 2012). The task analysis helps in identifying and measuring the degree of effect which can reduce the productivity quality. The development of the continuous improvement plan for the Latino corporation is on establishing relationship between root causes and casual factor. The Plan do check and act cycle is used for developing the improvement plan for improving the quality of the equipment developed by the organization. The planning phase is used for determining the new opportunities created for deploying the change management in the working culture of the firm. The do phase focuses on the implementation of the new concept in the working processes. The check phase is used for determining the continuity and the difference in the activities which can be beneficial for the working environment. The active participation and the teamwork is helpful in synchronizing the activities scheduled in the activity diagram of the continuous improvement plan. The successful implementation of the act phase helps in determining the assessment of the result. The consistency in the quality of the product delivered to the consumer is the major factor for the attraction towards the organization. The recurring procedures should be laid down for improving the quality of the pr oduct. The repetition of the processes helps in one time effort for reducing the negligence towards the quality of the product. The continuous improvement plan should focus on the following areas: The activities and the development according to the requirement mentioned by the customers Improving the decision making activity of the project manager The leadership qualities should be established in the owner of the project The efficiency of the activities can be improved with the availability of the resources The interrelationship should be developed between the processes for the identification and managing of the processes. The quality improvement can be identified for managing the function with the deployment of process performance measures. The efficiency and the effectiveness can be improved with the determination of the factual decision taken. The inter-dependency should be maintained between the supplier and the higher authority of the enterprise. The procedures should be identified for planning the quality of the equipment The factual observation helps in managing the quality standards for the work in progress. The technology, availability, and resources are used for establishing and influencing the change management (Duphily, 2014). The innovation in the product can be developed for improving the processes undertaken. The deficiency in the quality can be improved with the additional of features in the processes (Carpinetti, 2013). The revenue of the companies can be improved with the increment in the business operational plan The incremental approach is used improving the existing operations. The statistical process control is used for identifying the continuity of the business activity (Cole, 2014). The expectation of the customers requirement should be completely fulfilled. The loyalty should be managed in the decision making capabilities of the enterprise. The availability of the resources helps in completing the processes with efficiency. The total quality management program should be used for determining the active participation of the employees in the development processes and delivering product services. The objective of the organization can be achieved by maintaining the consistency of the quality plan. The success of the project is depends on the quality of the product for achieving the long term sustainability (Bose, 2016). The quality of the product can be assured for managing the performance of the product. The factual observation is used managing the quality audits for managing the work done by the employees for increasing the productivity of the enterprise (Ashworth, 2014). The delivery system should be improved by packaging the right material according to the user demand. The specification should be laid down in encompassing the different areas in the working culture of the firm. The business activities should be scheduled according to the improvement plan undertaken for enhancing the decision making capability of the project manager in establishing quality control procedures for the efficient working of the enterprise. The continuity and the consistency should be maintained for developing the specification of the equipment according to the demand placed by the user. The active participation and the teamwork is helpful in synchronizing the activities scheduled in the activity diagram of the continuous improvement plan. The efforts are going in the field of developing processes for managing the improvement (Ronald, 2015). The recommendation is to indulge a key performance indicator for improving the performance of the employees. The quality work can be achieved by monitoring the activities performed by the employees by setting the performance appraisal program. The critical issues can be resolved with the deployment of the risks identification and management plan for managing the activities. The data loss is the critical area which has to be provided top security to prevent data leakages. The differentiation in the matrix helps in determining the improvement in the past and future continuous plan gaining profit and satisfaction in the customers (Fursule, 2012). The significant and synchronising of activities helps in determining the designing of the processes undertaken for improvement. The working structure should be developed for managing the existing structure. The learning from the past activities helps in setting down the continuity in business plan for achieving sustainability and reputation of the company (Ballard, 2013). The formulation of the continuous plan helps in minimizing the risks associated with the process cost. This helps in completion of activities within the budget specified by the organization. The project sponsor should take active participation in determine the cost associated with the project activities. Conclusion: The Latino engineering corporation wants its position and reputation back which had been lost in the past working years. The focus point of the continuous improvement plan is to deliver quality products to the consumers so therefore it is necessary to indulge quality control procedure in the working curriculum of the firm. The analysis of the issues and challenges associated with the decision taken by the project manager. The consistency in the quality of the product delivered to the consumer is the major factor for the attraction towards the organization. The recurring procedures should be laid down for improving the quality of the product. The repetition of the processes helps in one time effort for reducing the negligence towards the quality of the product. The critical issues can be resolved with the deployment of the risks identification and management plan for managing the activities for the development of the continuous improvement plan. References: Ashworth, M. (2014). Measurement of construction process for continuous improvement. 1st ed. [ebook]. [Accessed 29 Sep. 2017]. Ballard, P. (2013). Measuring performance excellence: Key performance indicators. 1st ed. [ebook]. [Accessed 29 Sep. 2017]. Bose, L. (2016). Improving the efficacy of the root cause analysis. 1st ed. [ebook]. [Accessed 29 Sep. 2017]. Carpinetti, L. (2013). Continuous improvement strategies and production competitive criteria. 1st ed. [ebook]. [Accessed 29 Sep. 2017]. Cole, R. (2014). From continuous improvement to continuous innovation. 1st ed. [ebook]. [Accessed 29 Sep. 2017]. Duphily, R. (2014). Root cause investigation best practice guide. 1st ed. [ebook]. [Accessed 29 Sep. 2017]. Fursule, N. (2012). Understanding the benefits and limitations of six sigma methodology. International Journal of scientific and research publication, 2(1). [Accessed 29 Sep. 2017]. Likker, J. (2012). Building deep supplier relationship. 1st ed. [ebook]. [Accessed 29 Sep. 2017]. Liu, S. (2008). Skills for improved productivity, employment growth, and development. 1st ed. [ebook]. [Accessed 29 Sep. 2017]. Mahto, D. (2008). Application of root cause analysis in improvement of product quality and productivity. 1st ed. [ebook]. [Accessed 29 Sep. 2017]. Martins, R. (2010). Management of continual improvement for facilities and activities: A structured approach. 1st ed. [ebook]. [Accessed 29 Sep. 2017]. Nataraj, M. (2011). Defect control analysis for improving quality and productivity. 1st ed. [ebook]. [Accessed 29 Sep. 2017]. Ronald, S. (2015). Building a culture of continuous improvement in an age of disruption. 1st ed. [ebook]. [Accessed 29 Sep. 2017]. Singh, J. (2015). Continuous improvement philosophy- literature review and direction. 1st ed. [ebook]. [Accessed 29 Sep. 2017]. Soni, S. (2013). Reduction of welding defects using six sigma techniques. International journal of mechanical engineering and robotics research, 2(3). [Accessed 29 Sep. 2017]. Vatrapu, S. (2006). Management of continual improvement for facilities and activities: A structured approach. 1st ed. [ebook]. [Accessed 29 Sep. 2017].

The Arch Duke Francis Ferdinand Essay Research free essay sample

The Arch Duke Francis Ferdinand Essay, Research Paper Why The Duke Was Chosen. The Archduke was chosen as a mark because Serbians feared that after his Ascension to the persecutions of Serbs populating within the ASTRO-Hungarian Empire of Serbia had gained independency from the OTTEMAN Empire in 1878. At the clip, Serbia laid claimed to several parts of Bosnia, which were chiefly inhabited by Serbs. However, the Congress of Berlin granted permission to Austria-Hungary to busy Bosnia and Herzegovina, including, including the disputed Serbian countries. I 1908, Austria-Hungary officially annexed all of occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina, adding extra fuel to the fires at Serbian patriotism. The Serbian terrorist organisation, the Black Hand had trained a little group of teenage operatives a to infiltrate Bosnia and carryout the blackwash of the Archduke. It? s ill-defined how officially active the Serbian authorities was in the secret plan. However old ages subsequently the leader of the Black Hand, colonel DRAGUTIN DIMITRIJEUC, was besides hea vitamin D of the Serbian military intelligence. We will write a custom essay sample on The Arch Duke Francis Ferdinand Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ATTEMPS OF DEATH ON THE ARCH As Francis Ferdinand and his party proceeded through Sarajevo, the first Black Hand operatives tossed a bomb at the Archduke? s car. The chauffeur saw the explosive and accelerated to avoid the impact, Sophie ducked and Francis Ferdinand deflected the bomb with his arm doing it to resile off the dorsum of the auto and explode behind them, pulverizing the following auto and earnestly wounding several Plutos. To avoid gaining control, question ext, the unsuccessful bravo, nine-teen-year-old Ned Elko Carbinovic, swallowed a Cyanide pill and jumped in to the river. However, he was hauled out of the river and detained. THE ARCHDUKE? S MURDER. As the Archduke? s cortege resumed its circuit of Sarajevo, the Archduke? s chauffeur took a incorrect bend and fired two pistol shootings. One slug hit Sophie, killing her immediately. The other hit Francis Ferdinand, who died within proceedingss. Like Carbinovic, Princip attemped self-destruction, but was captured before wining.

Great Expectations And Mrs Joe Essays - English-language Films

Great Expectations And Mrs Joe The importance of Mrs. Joe in Great Expectations has two major parts: the significance of the character, and the symbolism of the character. The signifance of Mrs. Joe is to complete the figure of Joe The symbolism of Mrs. Joe is actually the physical manifestation of Joe's fears in combination with his desire for a commanding father-figure. First, Mrs. Joe's reign of terror is obviously necessary for Joe's existence. In the beginning of Great Expectations, Joe requires identification as a major character. Without the weakness that Mrs. Joe instills in Joe via her reign of terror, Joe never develops to a major character. Joe is identified as a compassionate, sensitive character, and the most direct way to display this feature is to have the character appear vulnerable. Mrs. Joe serves as the tyrant for which Joe is made helpless. Joe, unless he is a scared character, does not recognize the friend he has in Pip. Without Joe as a major role in Pip's life, Pip also seems very incomplete. Second, Mrs. Joe also serves as the comical interlude of an otherwise sombre story. "When she had exhausted a torrent of such inquiries, she threw a candlestick at Joe, burst into a loud sobbing, got out the dustpan -- which was always a very bad sign -- put on her coarse apron, and began cleaning up to a terrible extent. Not satisfied with a dry cleaning, she took to a pail and scrubbing-brush, and cleaned us out of house and home,..." Truly, a frightening creature is that that may destroy a household by cleaning when anger besets her. Third, the comedy also has a serious side, though, as we remember our mothers exerting their great frustrations upon the household tasks of cleanliness. So, Mrs. Joe serves very well as a mother to Pip. Besides the age difference and the motherly duties of housekeeping for Pip and Joe, the attitude of a scornful mother is also apparent. This, of course, draws Joe even closer to Pip, by relation. Mrs. Joe serves as link to make it so that Joe appears very much to be the father of Pip. In addition, Joe, although terrified of Mrs. Joe, is a very honorable man and would never consider divorcing his wife. Through this condition, however, Joe appears to be even a more honorable man to choose to preserve the sacred marriage rather than seek his comfort. It is ironic that Mrs. Joe be referred to as Mrs. Joe constantly when there doesn't seem to much a part of Joe in her. The main purpose it serves is probably to characterize Mrs. Joe as a more masculine, and, therefore, typically more commanding, character. In the tradition of marriage, the wife usually gives up her last name to show that she is "property" of the man, therefore it is especially ironic that she be called Mrs. Joe when it is clear that Joe, rather, belongs more to her than vice-versa. It is also ironic that Joe be the one that seems to be stuck in tough situation in his marraige. Often, in this time, women suffered from the abuse of their husbands and expected to keep the marriage together regardless. However, Joe is clearly the one being abused in this story and he also is the only one decent enough to care enough about the marraige to try and keep it together by enduring the abuse of Mrs. Joe. Fifth, through love, Joe shows the audience that truly he is not just a very timid man but a whole-hearted man. Truly, it takes a loving man to stay in love with such a woman as Mrs. Joe. No kissing ever took place between Joe and Mrs. Joe (much less child birth), and it becomes clear to the reader that the relationship between Joe and Mrs. Joe is a very "one-way" relationship. It would seem that Joe cares enough for Mrs. Joe, though Mrs. Joe never once seems to show a bit of compassion for Joe. Illustration of this can be seen in Mrs. Joe's numerous dorogatory references to being married to "a lowly blacksmith." Surely, after Mrs. Joe dies, Joe reflects upon how he was treated and what he will do differently in the future. With Mrs. Joe gone, a piece of Joe's life is again freed up and can slowly be reclaimed, making him into a stronger person. Eventually marrying Biddy makes it apparent that Joe is changed, as Biddy seems more the feminine, quiet, traditional girl,

Make Invisible Ink Using Lemon Juice

Make Invisible Ink Using Lemon Juice Use this easy recipe to make invisible ink. It only takes a few minutes to complete!  Lemon juice is acidic and weakens paper. When  paper  is heated, the remaining acid turns the writing  brown before discoloring the paper. Ingredients You only need a few simple materials to make invisible ink: Lemon or Lemon JuiceSunlight or Heat SourcePaperPaintbrush or Stick How to Make Invisible Ink Squeeze lemons to obtain their juice or obtain bottled lemon juice.Use the juice as ink by applying it to a stick or paintbrush and writing on paper.Allow the paper to dry.When you are ready to read your invisible message, hold the paper up to sunlight, a light bulb (recommended), or another heat source.The heat will cause the writing to darken to a pale brown, so your message can now be read.Another way to read the message is to put salt on the drying ink. After a minute, wipe the salt off and color over the paper with a wax crayon to reveal the message. Useful Tips Experiment with other juices. White wine, orange juice, vinegar, and apple juice all work well, too.A cotton swab makes an excellent disposable paintbrush.The writing turns brown because the weakened paper burns before the rest of the paper. Be careful not to overdo your heating and ignite the paper!

Knowledge Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Knowledge Management - Essay Example Keywords: knowledge management, organizations, Siemens, organizational culture. Knowledge Management Knowledge management is one of the most popular objects of scholarly and empirical analysis. Much has been written and said about the principles of effective knowledge management in organizations and factors affecting it. Despite the growing body of literature, many organizations fail to implement KM practices properly. â€Å"The major problems that occur in KM usually result because companies ignore people and cultural issues† (Geisler & Wickramasinghe, 2009, p.12). For organizations that seek to establish themselves as repositories of knowledge, creating a culture that rewards individuals for knowledge sharing and recognized the value of tacit knowledge is crucial (Geisler & Wickramasnighe, 2009). This paper presents an analysis of the human and cultural issues involved in knowledge management in Siemens and, actually, many other organizations. In this paper, the examples of Texaco, Semantech, Xerox, Hewlett Packard, General Motors, BP Amoco and others are used to substantiate the argument. Knowledge Management as Human Resource Management Randall Sellers stated that â€Å"the challenge is managing the people who manage the knowledge†. In other words, the human dimension is believed to be an essential ingredient of knowledge management practices in organizations. ... ity is logical and reflects an ongoing tension between the growing role of knowledge and increasingly distributed structure of modern organizations (Swan et al., 1999). KM had to reduce this tension and enhance organizations’ capacity to generate and share knowledge. Unfortunately, failure to understand the basics of KM creates a situation, when organizations hide behind technologies and do not notice human resources which, in the meantime, are primarily responsible for creating this knowledge. Many organizations rely on the systems and tools that codify and commodify knowledge (Swan et al., 1999). Managers in these firms adopt an information-based perspective on KM, which interprets knowledge management in terms of information, not people, and emphasizes the importance of accessibility, availability, and real-time changes of information (Alavi & Leidner, 1999). In reality, the main challenge of knowledge management is in managing people who produce this knowledge, and there a re several reasons for this. First, knowledge is a human act (McDermott, 1999). Therefore, no knowledge management is possible without people. The essence of knowledge management is in generating knowledge, piecing information together, reflecting on individual and collective experiences, generating insights, and using the results to solve acute organizational problems (McDermott, 1999). â€Å"From the point of view of the person who knows, knowledge is a kind of sticky residue of insight about using information and experience to think† (McDermott, 1999, p.106). Yet, many organizations make one and the same mistake, when they limit their knowledge management solutions to IT systems and networks. The real challenge of KM is to manage people, who generate and possess this knowledge. Well-known is